Which psychologist proposed the hierarchy of needs, with self-actualization as the top level?

Which psychologist proposed the hierarchy of needs, with self-actualization as the top level?

• A. Abraham Maslow
• B. Erik Erikson
• C. Jean Piaget
• D. Carl Rogers

Answer: (A)

The main idea tested here is who formulated a pyramid of human needs, with self-actualization at the top. Abraham Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs, which starts with basic physiological needs like food and water, then safety, then love and belonging, then esteem, and finally self-actualization—the drive to realize one's potential, grow, be creative, and become the best version of oneself. The concept is that people work upward through these levels as lower needs are satisfied, reaching the top when they pursue meaning, growth, and personal fulfillment. Other well-known theorists contribute different perspectives. Erik Erikson outlined eight psychosocial stages of development focused on social and identity challenges across the lifespan, not a hierarchical needs model. Jean Piaget described stages of cognitive development, explaining how thinking changes with age. Carl Rogers emphasized a growth-oriented, person-centered approach and the importance of conditions that support self-acceptance, rather than a ranked set of needs.

The main idea tested here is who formulated a pyramid of human needs, with self-actualization at the top. Abraham Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs, which starts with basic physiological needs like food and water, then safety, then love and belonging, then esteem, and finally self-actualization—the drive to realize one's potential, grow, be creative, and become the best version of oneself. The concept is that people work upward through these levels as lower needs are satisfied, reaching the top when they pursue meaning, growth, and personal fulfillment.

Other well-known theorists contribute different perspectives. Erik Erikson outlined eight psychosocial stages of development focused on social and identity challenges across the lifespan, not a hierarchical needs model. Jean Piaget described stages of cognitive development, explaining how thinking changes with age. Carl Rogers emphasized a growth-oriented, person-centered approach and the importance of conditions that support self-acceptance, rather than a ranked set of needs.